"""Original Cauchy-uniform convolution plot. Python 3.14; NumPy, Matplotlib.""" from pathlib import Path import matplotlib matplotlib.use('Agg') import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np z = np.linspace(-6, 6, 1601) h = (np.arctan(z+.5)-np.arctan(z-.5))/np.pi f = 1/(np.pi*(1+z*z)) fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(8.1, 4.8), facecolor='white') ax.plot(z, h, color='#226a9f', linewidth=2.5, label='Cauchy + uniform displacement') ax.plot(z, f, '--', color='#b36432', linewidth=1.6, label='standard Cauchy density') height = 2*np.arctan(.5)/np.pi ax.plot(0, height, 'o', color='#226a9f') ax.annotate('unique mode: 0', (0, height), xytext=(1.6, .27), fontsize=11, arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->', color='#226a9f')) ax.axvline(0, color='#999999', linewidth=.7, alpha=.5) ax.set(xlim=(-6, 6), ylim=(0, .35), xlabel='$z$', ylabel='probability density') ax.set_title('A symmetric density whose mean does not exist', fontsize=14) ax.text(.5, -.24, r'Both tails: $h(z)\sim 1/(\pi z^2)$', transform=ax.transAxes, ha='center', fontsize=12) ax.legend(loc='upper left', fontsize=9, frameon=False) ax.spines[['top', 'right']].set_visible(False) ax.grid(alpha=.15) fig.subplots_adjust(left=.10, right=.97, bottom=.24, top=.89) fig.savefig(Path.cwd()/Path(__file__).with_suffix('.png').name, dpi=155, facecolor='white') plt.close(fig)