Cyclotron Updated 2025-07-16
Predecessor to the synchrotron.
We can then immediately see that the matrix is symmetric, then so is the form. We have:
But because is a scalar, we have:
and:
Neuro-symbolic AI Updated 2025-07-16
An IBM made/pushed term, but that matches Ciro Santilli's general view of how we should move forward AGI.
Ciro's motivation/push for this can be seen e.g. at: Ciro's 2D reinforcement learning games.
Congruent matrix Updated 2025-07-16
Two symmetric matrices and are defined to be congruent if there exists an in such that:
In this chapter Richard Feynman talks about his experiences in Brazil.
"O Americano, Outra Vez!" means "The American, once again!" in Portuguese, which is what one of the samba school boss exclaimed when Feynman was not playing well his instrument, the frigideira, during a rehearsal.
Feynman really enjoyed Brazil's (and notably Rio's) stereotypical "take it easy and enjoy life" attitude.
Key quote that names the chapter:
My friend Matt Sands was once going to write a book to be called Alfred Nobel's Other Mistake.
k-nearest neighbors algorithm Updated 2025-07-16
One of the most simply classification algorithm one can think of: just see whatever kind of point your new point seems to be closer to, and say it is also of that type! Then it is just a question of defining "close".
Training and inference Updated 2025-07-16
This is the first thing you have to know about supervised learning:
Both of those already have hardware acceleration available as of the 2010s.
TOP500 Updated 2025-07-16
Intel supercomputer market share Updated 2025-07-16
Figure 1.
Intel supercomputer market share from 1993 to 2020
. Source. This graph is shocking, they just took over the entire market! Some good pre-Intel context at The Supermen: The Story of Seymour Cray by Charles J. Murray (1997), e.g. in those earlier days, custom architectures like Cray's and many others dominated.

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