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The Earth's atmosphere is a layer of gases that surrounds the planet, held in place by gravity. It is essential for life as it provides the air we breathe, protects us from harmful solar radiation, and helps regulate the planet’s temperature. The atmosphere can be divided into several distinct layers based on temperature and altitude: 1. **Troposphere**: This is the lowest layer, extending from the Earth's surface up to about 8 to 15 kilometers (5 to 9 miles) high.