= 3D cell culture
= Three-dimensional cell culture
{synonym}
A <3D cell culture> grows <biological cells> in a spatial arrangement extending through three dimensions, for example as aggregates or within an <extracellular matrix>. This changes contact geometry, mechanical constraints and access to nutrients relative to a flat monolayer. An <epithelial cyst> can reveal an enclosed lumen and directional organization that a two-dimensional image misses. Three-dimensional geometry alone does not establish that the culture reproduces every property of its source <tissue>. <Animal Cell Culture Guide by ATCC>[Culture systems and three-dimensional culture models]{ref}
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