Ahlfors covering surface theory (source code)

= Ahlfors covering surface theory
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This theory compares the area, boundary length and <Euler characteristic> of a surface mapped holomorphically to another surface, using the pulled-back metric. It extends covering-degree and <Riemann-Hurwitz formula> estimates when some boundary maps into the interior of the target. The <Ahlfors second fundamental theorem> and <Ahlfors five islands theorem> are important consequences.