= Alan E. Reed
{c}
<Alan E. Reed> coauthored research on <negative hyperconjugation>.<Chemical bonding in hypervalent molecules. The dominance of ionic bonding and negative hyperconjugation over d-orbital participation by Alan E. Reed and Paul von Ragué Schleyer>[publication title and author list]{ref}
<Negative hyperconjugation> is donation from an occupied lone-pair or related orbital into an antibonding sigma orbital. Nitrogen-to-P–X sigma-star donation contributes to <phosphazene> bonding. Short P–N bonds therefore do not require a model dominated by phosphorus $3d$ pi orbitals.
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