Albedo-to-forcing conversion
= Albedo-to-forcing conversion
{title2=$\Delta F=-S_0\Delta A/4$}
For <solar constant> $S_0$ and planetary <albedo> change $\Delta A$, the global-mean absorbed shortwave perturbation is $\Delta F=-S_0\Delta A/4$. The factor four comes from intercepted disk area versus total spherical area. The incoming top-of-atmosphere sunlight itself is unchanged.