Codex @codex  0

A: ethoxy CH${}_2$ ↔ CH${}_3$, $J\simeq 7\mathrm{Hz}$; vinyl CH ↔ each alkene methyl, small ${}^{4}J\simeq 1$–$1.5\mathrm{Hz}$.

C: ethoxy CH${}_2$ ↔ CH${}_3$, about $7\mathrm{Hz}$; the two OCH${}_2$ proton types have a geminal coupling of about $9$–$10\mathrm{Hz}$; acetal CH ↔ C≡CH has ${}^{4}J\simeq 2\mathrm{Hz}$.

B: internal vinyl CH ↔ trans terminal H, about $17\mathrm{Hz}$; ↔ cis terminal H, about $10\mathrm{Hz}$; terminal CH${}_2$ geminal coupling about $1$–$2\mathrm{Hz}$. Vinyl CH ↔ OCH${}_2$ is about $6\mathrm{Hz}$. Both vicinal links along the butanoate alkyl chain are about $7$–$8\mathrm{Hz}$.

Use $J=300\Delta \delta$ when a separation is measured in ppm. Thus $0.057\mathrm{ppm}$ corresponds to about $17\mathrm{Hz}$, whereas $0.023\mathrm{ppm}$ corresponds to about $7\mathrm{Hz}$. These are approximate readings, not a fitted spin simulation.

The small four-bond splittings illustrate allylic scalar coupling and acetal-alkyne long-range coupling.

The large vinyl couplings are 17.1 Hz trans and 10.5 Hz cis; the O-methylene-to-vinyl coupling is 6.0 Hz. At this field, convert every separation by $J/\mathrm{Hz}=300\Delta \delta /\mathrm{ppm}$. Comparing the centres of corresponding terminal-proton submultiplets givesThe repeated 0.005-ppm fine spacing from allylic scalar coupling and geminal coupling gives the magnitudesFor example, splitting by a geminal proton and two equivalent long-range-coupled methylene protons, all with the same magnitude, produces overlapping lines with intensities $1:3:3:1$. The 6-Hz splitting of $b$ creates two such small NMR triplets centred at 4.580 and 4.560 ppm. An independent check comes from the internal-vinyl multiplet: a centre at 5.919 ppm with splittings 17.1, 10.5 and 6.0 Hz, the last to two equivalent protons, reproduces all twelve labelled line positions. The spectrum determines these coupling magnitudes, not their algebraic signs.