= Alternative hypothesis
{title2=$H_1$}
The <alternative hypothesis> specifies the parameter values or distributions against which a <null hypothesis> is tested. If the null is $\theta\in\Theta_0$, the alternative is $\theta\in\Theta_1$ with $\Theta_0\cap\Theta_1=\varnothing$. For example an upper one-sided comparison uses $\theta>\theta_0$, while a two-sided comparison uses $\theta\ne\theta_0$. The alternative determines the relevant rejection tail. A <p-value> is computed under the null; it is not the probability that the alternative is false.
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