= Andrei Sakharov
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{tag=Physicist}
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<Andrei Sakharov> connected the cosmic excess of matter over <antimatter> with microscopic particle reactions. His 1967 paper proposed <baryon number> violation and <CP violation> in the expanding early <universe> as ingredients for generating a <baryon asymmetry>. The resulting <Sakharov conditions> also require departure from <thermal equilibrium> in the usual reaction-based setting: otherwise inverse reactions and symmetry constraints erase the attempted asymmetry. This turns an astronomical abundance question into a test of particle interactions and cosmological history.<Violation of CP invariance, C asymmetry, and baryon asymmetry of the universe by Andrei Sakharov>[1967 original note: baryon-number nonconservation, CP violation and expanding-universe mechanism]{ref}
\Image[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Redirect/file/Andrei%20Sakharov%20close-up%20%28cropped%29.jpg?width=250]
{title=Portrait of <Andrei Sakharov>}
{description=RIA Novosti archive, image #25981 / Vladimir Fedorenko / CC-BY-SA 3.0; photographed 1 March 1989. Existing Commons close-up crop by JB Hoang Tam 2 (2025). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/[CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons.}
{source=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Andrei_Sakharov_close-up_(cropped).jpg}
{width=250}
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