= Applied research
<Applied research> investigates a question with a particular practical objective. It still seeks new knowledge; the distinction from <basic research> concerns the aim of the investigation rather than whether it uses <experiments>, <observations> or <mathematical models>.<Definitions of Research and Development by NCSES>[I, Distribution by type of R&D; III.D, official definitions of applied research]{ref}
For example, investigating how a material converts <light> into an electrical signal can support the design of a <photodetector> for a specified use. A controlled study can vary the material or illumination and compare the resulting sensitivity and noise. The intended detector supplies a practical objective, while the measured relation provides reusable knowledge.
This differs from simply assembling a known design or carrying out routine production. Equally, a practical aim does not guarantee a useful result: a sound experiment can establish that a proposed mechanism fails. <Applied research> and <basic research> can therefore share methods and inform each other without being distinguished by whether the outcome is successful.
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