= Auxin response element
An \b[auxin response element] is a <cis-regulatory element> involved in <auxin>-responsive <transcription>. It is a <DNA> sequence recognized by regulatory <proteins>, including <auxin response factors>. The element, its binding <protein> and the <plant hormone> are different participants in the response.<ARF1, a transcription factor that binds to auxin response elements by T. Ulmasov and others>[Abstract, Science 276 (1997), pp. 1865–1868: element recognition and matched binding/response specificity.]{ref}
A motivating experiment compared the sequence requirements for factor binding in vitro with those associated with a transcriptional response in living cells. Agreement linked molecular recognition to regulation, rather than merely identifying a sequence that happened to lie near an expressed <gene>.<ARF1, a transcription factor that binds to auxin response elements by T. Ulmasov and others>[Abstract: relationship between DNA-binding specificity and auxin responsiveness.]{ref}
The synthetic element used in the <DR5 auxin response reporter> supplies a concrete example. It can drive a measurable <reporter gene> response, but its output also depends on the regulatory state of the <cell>. In the original experiments, <Aux IAA proteins> could repress reporter expression. Thus a response element is part of a control system: the same regulatory DNA does not guarantee the same output under every cellular condition.<Aux IAA proteins repress expression of reporter genes containing natural and highly active synthetic auxin response elements by T. Ulmasov and others>[Abstract, Plant Cell 9 (1997), pp. 1963–1971: synthetic reporter and repression comparisons.]{ref}
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