Backward error of an approximate eigenpair
= Backward error of an approximate eigenpair
If $\|\widetilde v\|_2=1$, the smallest operator-norm perturbation that makes $(\widetilde\lambda,\widetilde v)$ an exact eigenpair has norm $\|r\|_2$. One such rank-one perturbation is
$$
E=-r\widetilde v^T.
$$