Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2009 ii Paper 1 7E Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-24
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2020 ii Paper 3 31E b iv Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-29
To obtain a basin estimate from a Lyapunov sublevel set, take the largest sublevel component around the origin that remains inside the strict-decrease rectangle. On its boundary or , the minimum value of is . Hence the maximal open estimate isEvery smaller closed sublevel set is compact and positively invariant, and there except at the origin. The LaSalle invariance principle therefore implies convergence to the origin. Taking the union over shows that lies in the domain of stability. No larger sublevel component can be certified from this alone, because every level contains points just beyond where .