Beckmann potential (source code)

= Beckmann potential
{c}
{title2=$V(y)=\sum_j\int_0^{y_j}D_j(u)\,du$}

The Beckmann potential integrates each link's delay function. Its <gradient> with respect to route flows is the corresponding vector of route delays, making <Wardrop equilibrium> a <convex optimization> problem.