Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2001 iii Paper 7 1 iii Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-14
Suppose . If , choose a connected open disc about it contained in . On that disc the clopen subset is either the whole disc or empty. Neither possibility permits a boundary point of , so . But , so a point in the interior of is in the interior of . Our point cannot be such an interior point. ConsequentlyThis is boundary inclusion of spectra in a closed unital subalgebra, established from the preceding arguments rather than quoted.