= Broken-phase spectrum of the Abelian Higgs model
{title2=$m_h^2=\lambda\eta^2,\quad m_A^2=2e^2\eta^2$}
For $|D\Phi|^2-\lambda(|\Phi|^2-\eta^2)^2/4$, write $\Phi=(\eta+h/\sqrt2)e^{i\theta}$ and absorb $\partial\theta/e$ into the vector field. The quadratic Lagrangian has a real scalar of mass $m_h=\sqrt\lambda\eta$ and a vector of mass $m_A=\sqrt2e\eta$. The two scalar plus two massless-vector polarizations in the symmetric phase become one radial scalar plus three massive-vector polarizations. The removed phase supplies the longitudinal mode; local vortices retain global winding and quantized flux.
// Target: cosmology.bigb
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