Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2012 iii Paper 35 3 a Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-07
Let be the unit disc and normalize its positive Poisson kernel at the boundary point byIt is harmonic in . Let be the killed Brownian transition density, for planar Brownian motion with generator . The Doob h-transform has sub-Markov transition densityIts missing mass represents paths already absorbed at the distinguished boundary point. Equivalently, for a stopping time before exit from a compact subdomain, its law is weighted relative to ordinary killed Brownian motion by . These stopped laws are consistent and define a diffusion up to its lifetime. Its generator isThis is a rigorous Brownian motion conditioned to exit at a boundary point, not conditioning on an event of positive probability. Exhaustion of shows that its terminal boundary limit is ; its lifetime is finite. For example its expected lifetime from is , which is finite: the Green function vanishes linearly near the smooth boundary and cancels the Poisson-kernel singularity there, while its logarithmic singularity at is integrable.
One can also condition ordinary Brownian motion on exiting through an arc about , and then let its length decrease to zero. The conditional harmonic functions converge locally uniformly to . Thus their stopped conditional laws converge to this same diffusion. Both constructions specify the conditioning unambiguously.
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2019 iii Paper 201 5 b Solution 2026-10-03
By the Tonelli theorem and the planar Brownian transition density,For ,while for it is at most . Hencefor , and consequently