= Canadian English
{c}
<Canadian English> names English varieties used in Canada, with variation across regions, communities and speakers. For a scientific account, a pronunciation feature must be operationalized and measured rather than treated as a property shared identically by every speaker. <Sociolinguistics> and <acoustic phonetics> provide complementary methods for those comparisons.
An acoustic study by <Sky Onosson> compared Canadian, American Western and American Northern speech through <vowel> durations and <formant> trajectories, examining <Canadian raising> and the effect of a following consonant's <voicing>.<An Acoustic Study of Canadian Raising in Three Dialects of North American English by Sky Onosson>[university repository abstract, comparison groups, duration and dynamic formant trajectories]{ref} A useful replication would record comparable words and contexts, align vowel intervals, and compare trajectories under a stated time normalization. That separates a pronunciation's changing acoustic shape from differences caused merely by speaking rate or the analysis point.
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