= Canonical normalization of a scalar gradient term
{title2=$\psi=\sqrt K\,\phi$}
For a statistical scalar theory with gradient coefficient $K/2>0$, this rescaling gives a canonical $(\nabla\psi)^2/2$ term. A <mass> coefficient $r$ becomes $r/K$, a quartic coefficient $g$ becomes $g/K^2$, and a source $h$ becomes $h/\sqrt K$. Thus the simple propagator denominator $p^2+R$ and loop-coupling formulas assume these normalized coefficients. The associated measure Jacobian is field independent and belongs to the free-energy <normalization>.
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