= Carl Runge
{c}
{title2=1856-1927}
{wiki}
= Carl David Tolmé Runge
{c}
{synonym}
A German <mathematician> whose work combined <numerical analysis> with <spectroscopy>. He studied numerical solution of equations and the measured wavelengths of elemental <spectral lines>, rather than treating mathematical computation as separate from experimental questions.
His name is attached to the <Runge-Kutta method> for approximating <ordinary differential equations>, alongside <Martin Kutta>. Such methods replace a continuous evolution by a succession of computed time steps. His work on spectral regularities similarly sought structure in numerical measurements. These two interests make him an example of the exchange between practical calculation and mathematical models of physical observations. https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Runge/[University of St Andrews historical biography, mathematical work and career]{ref}
Homepage: https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Runge/
\Image[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Redirect/file/Carl%20Runge.png?width=250]
{title=Portrait of <Carl Runge>}
{description=Unknown photographer; reproduced in Constance Reid, Hilbert (1970), p. 234. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Carl_Runge.png[Commons public-domain claim for life-plus-70 jurisdictions; US basis not supplied], via Wikimedia Commons.}
{source=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Carl_Runge.png}
{width=250}
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