= Carola Hunte
{c}
<Carola Hunte> is a structural biologist and first author of a 2005 study of <NhaA>, the sodium/<proton> <antiporter> of <Escherichia coli>. The team determined a <crystal structure> in a state downregulated by <pH>, revealing a path from the <cytoplasm> toward a proposed ion-binding region within the <cell membrane>.<Structure of a Na+ H+ antiporter and insights into mechanism of action and regulation by pH by Carola Hunte and others>[Original byline and Abstract]{ref}
The arrangement of short helices and charged groups motivated an <alternating access model>: changes in the transporter would expose the relevant region toward different sides of the membrane. The paper distinguished the observed structure from the proposed movements and <pH>-regulatory mechanism.<Structure of a Na+ H+ antiporter and insights into mechanism of action and regulation by pH by Carola Hunte and others>[Abstract and Figures 2–5]{ref}
That distinction connects two kinds of experiment. Transport measurements count movement of ions; a <protein structure> supplies candidate routes and interactions. Seeing a possible route in one conformation does not by itself measure transport rate or establish the complete cycle.
\Image[https://uni-freiburg.de/med-biochemistry/wp-content/uploads/sites/335/Carola-Hunte_CIBSS-e1742302207506.jpg]
{title=<Carola Hunte>}
{description=Portrait credited to Jürgen Gocke/CIBSS, University of Freiburg, on the https://uni-freiburg.de/med-biochemistry/startseite/arbeitsgruppen/hunte/[official research-group page].}
{height=300}
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