Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2019 iii Paper 311 3 iii Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-05
The relevant implications in the causal hierarchy areThe first follows from strict cone widening: failure of strong causality would give causal curves leaving and re-entering arbitrarily small neighborhoods, and the wider metric turns the limiting recurrence into a closed timelike curve. For the second, if distinct had , arbitrarily short timelike segments near either point and this equality would produce a causal curve leaving and re-entering a sufficiently small causally convex neighborhood. ThereforeThe stated null geodesic completeness is stronger than needed: stable causality already gives the conclusion.