Chaotic stellar orbit (source code)

= Chaotic stellar orbit

A stellar orbit with sensitive dependence on its initial phase-space point, often diagnosed by a positive <Lyapunov exponent>. It need not explore the whole energy hypersurface: regular islands and disconnected chaotic regions can coexist. If an orbit is dense in a connected energy-shell region, every continuous <integral of motion> is constant on its closure; that stronger condition excludes further independent continuous constraints within that region.