Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2024 iii Paper 342 1 c Solution 2026-09-28
In the charge-flux composite model, particle acquires the Aharonov-Bohm effect phase when it circles the flux of particle . The reciprocal Aharonov-Casher effect contributes . Thus the full braid isThe assumption for and saysFor any allowed particle , the full braid with is ; similarly every particle braids trivially with . Under the stated operational identification,For , exchanging two identical composites is half their full braid and givesTherefore and reproduce the bosonic and particles, in either order, and reproduces their fermionic fusion product .