Charge-flux composite
= Charge-flux composite
A <charge-flux composite> carries <electric charge> $q$ and localized magnetic flux $\Phi$. Mutual encircling of $(q_1,\Phi_1)$ and $(q_2,\Phi_2)$ produces the phase $\exp[i(q_1\Phi_2+q_2\Phi_1)/\hbar]$ from the Aharonov-Bohm and <Aharonov-Casher effects>.