= Charge regulation
A surface can change its <surface charge density> as its local <electric potential> and solution composition change, for example through reversible ionization or <ion> adsorption. This couples the surface reaction equilibrium to the surrounding <electric double layer>. Fixed-charge and fixed-potential models are limiting boundary conditions rather than interchangeable descriptions. Salt or <pH> changes can therefore alter both electrostatic screening and the repulsion amplitude.
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