= Charles Kittel
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{tag=Physicist}
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<Charles Kittel> and <Malvin Ruderman> calculated how <conduction electrons> mediate an interaction between nuclear <magnetic moments>. A nuclear moment perturbs the electron system, whose response in turn acts on another nuclear moment: the nuclei need not interact only through their direct magnetic coupling. Their 1954 calculation connected this indirect interaction with <nuclear magnetic resonance> line widths in <silver> and discussed predictions involving different isotopes. This is an early example of extracting information about collective electronic response from a magnetic resonance measurement.<Indirect Exchange Coupling of Nuclear Magnetic Moments by Conduction Electrons by M. A. Ruderman and Charles Kittel>[Physical Review 96, 99–102 (1954), abstract and silver resonance discussion]{ref}
His research with <Malvin Ruderman> helped explain <conduction-electron-mediated exchange>. Berkeley collects recollections of his research and teaching: https://physics.berkeley.edu/node/808.
\Image[https://physics.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/styles/openberkeley_image_full/public/general/kittelmemorium_2.jpg?itok=FmEUOT7v×tamp=1649695451]
{title=Charles Kittel, from the University of California, Berkeley}
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