= Chiral-superfield fermion mass matrix
{title2=$m_{ij}=\partial_i\partial_jW$}
For canonically normalized <chiral superfields>, the fermion bilinear is $-\tfrac12W_{ij}\psi_i\psi_j+\mathrm{h.c.}$ at the chosen vacuum. Its matrix is complex symmetric. The nonnegative physical <Weyl spinor> masses are its <singular values>, and their squared sum is $\operatorname{tr}(m^\dagger m)$. Using signed eigenvalues of a symmetric mass matrix instead can obscure the physical mass count.
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