For negligible final fermion masses, the chiral Z-boson partial width is proportional to . Both channels have one color state. An Electron has , and , givingFor one active neutrino species, , and there is no coupled right-handed neutrino field, so , . The common coupling normalization and phase space cancel in the ratio:The same total decay width appears in the two branching fractions, soThere is no factor of three for a single specified flavour. Summing three active neutrino flavours would give an invisible branching fraction of approximately in this approximation.