= Christopher D. Manning
{c}
<Christopher D. Manning> is a researcher in <natural language processing> whose work connects linguistic structure with statistical and neural methods. Stanford's institutional biography identifies contributions to learned word representations, language understanding and computational analysis of sentence structure.<Christopher Manning profile by Stanford HAI>[research biography, NLP and neural methods]{ref}
He is a coauthor of <Introduction to Information Retrieval by Christopher D. Manning and others>. The book gives precise mathematical formulations of problems that arise when a system retrieves documents in response to a query. This connects an algorithm's output to a measurable task instead of evaluating it only by a few convincing examples.<Introduction to Information Retrieval by Christopher D. Manning and others>[title page; chapter8, evaluation]{ref}
For instance, suppose a query has twelve relevant documents, and a system returns ten documents of which six are relevant. Its <precision (information retrieval)> is $6/10=0.6$, while its <recall (information retrieval)> is $6/12=0.5$. Returning more documents can change the two measures differently. This example illustrates the distinction between making useful predictions and choosing a reproducible way to evaluate them, a recurring issue in <natural language processing>.
\Image[https://hai.stanford.edu/_next/image?q=100&url=https%3A%2F%2Fhai.stanford.edu%2Fassets%2Fimages%2Favatars%2FChristopher_Manning_027_1154x1154.jpg&w=3840]
{title=Christopher D. Manning, identified headshot on Stanford HAI's profile}
{description=External image from <Christopher Manning profile by Stanford HAI>.}
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