Normalize the present scale factor to one. For , the parametric solution gives
Thus the age of a flat matter-coasting-fluid universe is
A direct age integral proves the bound more transparently than manipulating inverse hyperbolic functions. Since ,
For and , one has , hence
Integrating gives
Equality on the left is the pure pressureless matter universe, ; equality on the right is the pure coasting fluid, . These are all physically allowed density fractions for the nonnegative two-fluid model. The integrand decreases with , so the coasting-fluid age bound is approached continuously between those endpoints. In the closed expression the apparent singularities cancel using ; as , the term vanishes. The limits are respectively and .