Collisionless dark-matter Vlasov equation (source code)

= Collisionless dark-matter Vlasov equation
{c}

For comoving position $\mathbf x$, canonical momentum $\mathbf p=am\mathbf x'$, and Newtonian potential $\phi$, the dark-matter phase-space density obeys
$$
\partial_\eta f+\frac{\mathbf p}{am}\mathbin\cdot\nabla_xf-am\nabla\phi\mathbin\cdot\nabla_pf=0.
$$

This is the gravitational, expanding-universe specialization of the <Vlasov equation>.