Column orthogonality for Brauer characters
= Column orthogonality for Brauer characters
{c}
For p-regular elements $g,h$,
$$
\sum_S\chi_S(g^{-1})\chi_{P_S}(h)
=\begin{cases}|C_G(g)|&g\text{ and }h\text{ are conjugate},\\0&\text{otherwise},\end{cases}
$$
where $S$ ranges over the simple modules and $P_S$ is the projective cover of $S$.