Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2009 iii Paper 20 1 iii Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-14
Start with a disk in the zero-handle and attach two untwisted bands passing through the two one-handles. The four passages around its boundary occur in the order , giving an embedded once-punctured torus whose boundary is the attaching circle of the two-handle. Push its interior into the existing four-dimensional handlebody, keeping its boundary on the attaching locus, and cap it with the core disk of a handle. The matching product framing makes the union smooth after rounding its corner. This gives an embedded closed torus .
The torus uses the core of the two-handle exactly once. Equivalently, it intersects that handle's relative co-core disk transversely in one point. Its cellular two-chain is therefore the generator of , which is a cycle and is not a boundary because there are no three-cells. ThusThis is the zero section in the commutator handlebody of the torus .
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2009 iii Paper 20 1 i Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-14
Let be the generators associated with the two pairs of one-handle feet. Following the attaching circle across the identifications marked and gives the word , up to reversal and changing generator orientations. Thus the van Kampen theorem givesThe handle decomposition has cellular groups , , , with no higher groups. The boundary of the two-cell is the abelianized attaching word, which is zero. HenceThe zero framing is the product framing of the commutator handlebody of the torus, so the represented manifold is and its intersection form is . In particular its boundary is .
The boundary homology can also be obtained without using the product identification. By Poincare-Lefschetz duality, and . The map is its zero intersection form. The long exact sequence of a pair then gives split sequencesThe boundary is connected and oriented, so its zeroth and third homology are both . Therefore