Complex eccentricity
= Complex eccentricity
{title2=$z$}
The complex eccentricity packages eccentricity and longitude of periapsis as $z=e e^{i\varpi}$, turning linear secular dynamics into a complex linear system.
= Complex eccentricity
{title2=$z$}
The complex eccentricity packages eccentricity and longitude of periapsis as $z=e e^{i\varpi}$, turning linear secular dynamics into a complex linear system.