For an inner circle of real center and radius lying strictly inside the unit circle, choose the real root of . When , take . The automorphism of the unit disk sends the inner circle to a concentric circle. Indeed it sends the two real endpoints to opposite real numbers; preservation of circles and reflection symmetry then give an image centered at zero. Its radius is .
The conformal invariance of harmonic measure and harmonic measure of an annulus give outer-boundary measure . For , the quadratic gives and , an explicit eccentric-annulus example.
The concentric normalization of an eccentric annulus here usesThis Möbius transformation preserves the unit circle and sends the inner circle's real endpoints to . Its image circle is symmetric about the real axis and hence is . Equivalently, expanding gives , precisely the inner-circle equation. Thus sends the domain to . Conformal invariance of harmonic measure and i giveThe zero of lies in the removed inner disk, so this logarithm is harmonic throughout .