= Constrained Gibbs minimization for chemical equilibrium
At fixed <temperature> and <pressure>, a closed reacting system reaches <thermochemical equilibrium> by minimizing <Gibbs free energy> over nonnegative species amounts subject to conserved elemental abundances. For an allowed <stoichiometric vector> $\nu$, an interior minimum has $\sum_i\nu_i\mu_i=0$. More generally the <chemical potential> vector lies in the row span of the elemental conservation matrix at positive concentrations, with the appropriate one-sided inequalities for absent species. The <first law of thermodynamics> gives the thermodynamic differential, while the <Second law of thermodynamics> supplies the minimization direction.
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