Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2011 ii Paper 3 20H ii Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-10-14
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2011 ii Paper 3 20H i Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-10-14
A simplicial approximation to is a vertex map satisfying the open-star conditionfor every vertex . Here an open star consists of points whose barycentric coordinate at that vertex is positive. This condition ensures that the images of the vertices of every simplex span a simplex of , and the vertex map extends linearly over simplices.
To triangulate , order the vertices of each complex consistently. For each product , use the simplices whose vertices follow monotone lattice paths from to , taking a step in one coordinate at a time. These prism triangulations agree on faces and cover the product.
If both approximate , choose in the relative interior of a simplex . Then belongs to the open star of every vertex of . Hence belongs to every open star of and . Its unique carrier simplex in contains all these vertices. Thus and are faces of that one simplex, proving that are contiguous simplicial maps.
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2020 ii Paper 3 20F c Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-29
Define a simplicial map on vertices byThe image of every simplex is a simplex of , and . The maps and are contiguous simplicial maps, since the union of their images on every simplex is contained in a simplex of . Their realizations are therefore homotopic, so is a homotopy inverse of .
Here is an explicit chain homotopy. Put and use the orientations from part (b). DefineWe verifyIt is immediate on every vertex except , where . It is immediate on the fixed edges. For the remaining edges,because . Finally,since is degenerate and hence zero. Thus is the required chain homotopy.