Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2015 ia Paper 3 12A a Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-10-06
Use the Cartesian second-rank tensor transformation convention , where is the orthogonal matrix converting components to the new orthonormal basis. The coordinate half-turns areFor a diagonal rotation , invariance gives , with no summation in this equation. For each , one of the listed half-turns makes , so . ThusThis is coordinate half-turn invariance of a second-rank tensor. It does not force equal diagonal entries; invariance under all rotations would be the stronger isotropic second-rank tensor condition.