Past exam of the mathematics course of the year 2 of the natural sciences course of the University of Cambridge 2004 Paper 2 8 Solution Created 2026-10-18 Updated 2026-10-20
A right coset of in is . Right multiplication by is a bijection , with inverse , so every right coset has elements. The analogous map proves the same assertion for left cosets.
Write the displayed matrices as . Direct multiplication givesAll new coordinates are integers, so the set is closed. Matrix multiplication is associative, the identity is , andwhich also has integer coordinates. Thus it is the Integer Heisenberg group.
The subset contains the identity, and multiplication and inversion add or negate , so it is a subgroup. Its right cosets areThey are exactly the sets with fixed integer coordinates , as described by cosets of a coordinate subgroup of the integer Heisenberg group. The factor order is essential; multiplying by on the other side would also change the upper-right coordinate by .