= Covariate-dependent missing completely at random
{title2=$R\perp Y\mid X$}
= CD-MCAR
{c}
{synonym}
Missingness depends only on fully observed <covariates> $X$, not on the response after conditioning on them. A responder-only marginal estimate may still be biased when response rates and outcome probabilities both vary across <covariate> strata. <MAR standardization over a fully observed covariate> weights within-stratum respondent estimates using <covariate> frequencies from the whole target cohort.
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