Normalize and use the open dust model, with no cosmological constant and negligible present radiation. The Friedmann equation at the present epoch reads . Since , the curvature radius of an open FLRW universe is
In the metric's convention the numerator is one. With this is also the present physical curvature radius; at scale factor the physical radius is . Inferring curvature from alone would require this matter-only assumption; an additional dark-energy density would also enter the present Friedmann equation.