= D. A. Shirley
{c}
A physical scientist who helped develop <X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy>. Measuring the energies of electrons emitted after X-ray absorption probes electronic binding and chemical environment. His research extended from laboratory sources to <synchrotron radiation>, linking improved light sources with more detailed studies of atoms, molecules and solid materials.<Scientific obituary of D. A. Shirley at the University of California, Berkeley>[Scientific-research paragraphs: early physical measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and synchrotron use]{ref}
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