= D. Taglicht
{c}
<D. Taglicht> is the first author of a 1993 measurement of the transport <stoichiometry> of <NhaA>, an <antiporter> from <Escherichia coli>. Purified <NhaA> was reconstituted into sodium-loaded <proteoliposomes>, allowing transport to be studied in a defined membrane preparation.<Proton-sodium stoichiometry of NhaA, an electrogenic antiporter from Escherichia coli by D. Taglicht and others>[Abstract: purified-protein reconstitution]{ref}
Two approaches converged on two <protons> exchanged for each sodium ion over the tested <pH> interval $7.2$–$8.1$. One compared opposing ion fluxes; the other related the <membrane potential> to imposed concentration gradients under coupling and equilibrium assumptions.<Proton-sodium stoichiometry of NhaA, an electrogenic antiporter from Escherichia coli by D. Taglicht and others>[Abstract: flux-ratio and thermodynamic methods]{ref}
The ratio explains the word electrogenic: moving two singly positive ions one way and one singly positive ion the other transfers a net unit of positive charge per completed exchange cycle. It also separates a transporter's rate from its <stoichiometry>: faster exchange need not mean a different number of ions per cycle.
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