= Daniel J. Carnovale
{c}
<Daniel J. Carnovale> is an <electrical engineer> associated with investigating and demonstrating the behavior of <electric power systems>. His coauthored <Capacitor Application Issues by Thomas M. Blooming and Daniel J. Carnovale> identifies his Eaton affiliation; its author biography describes a demonstration and test facility for reproducing electrical supply problems and evaluating their mitigation.<Capacitor Application Issues by Thomas M. Blooming and Daniel J. Carnovale>[Printed p.1, byline; p.14, Authors' Biographies, Daniel J. Carnovale]{ref}
One important distinction in <power factor correction> is between reduced source <electric current> and reduced useful-load <active power>. For an original idealized example, a load takes $P=1000\,\mathrm W$ and $Q=750\,\mathrm{var}$ at $V=200\,\mathrm V$ RMS. Before correction,
$$
I_0=\frac{\sqrt{P^2+Q^2}}V=6.25\,\mathrm A.
$$
Canceling the fundamental <reactive power> makes source <electric current> $I_1=P/V=5\,\mathrm A$, but leaves the stipulated load's $1000\,\mathrm W$ unchanged. With a fixed upstream <electrical resistance> of $0.2\,\Omega$, conductor <Joule heating> falls from $7.8125$ to $5\,\mathrm W$. The reduction is $2.8125\,\mathrm W$, rather than 20% of the load's active demand.
A proposed demonstration measures load <active power>, source RMS <electric current> and upstream conductor loss separately while connecting the correction branch. It makes the changed and unchanged quantities visible. The same input-output discipline applies when comparing a device's apparent electrical savings with useful service delivered. The numerical example above is an original fixed-boundary calculation, not a measurement attributed to Carnovale.
His paper with <Thomas M. Blooming> places such calculations within practical capacitor application. Choosing a nominal correction alone does not describe how variable load and the existing network affect operation. The distinction motivates recording terminal waveforms and operating conditions along with a single <power factor> number.
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