= Daniel Ray
{c}
<Daniel Ray> coauthored the 1971 <analytic torsion> paper with <Isadore Singer>. The original prints D. B. Ray; the author-hosted account by Singer's former student John Lott explicitly identifies him as Daniel Ray.https://math.berkeley.edu/~lott/torsion.pdf[Introduction, p. 17, identifies Daniel Ray and Isadore Singer]{ref}
Their construction extracts a geometric invariant from spectra of Laplacians on <differential forms>. A spectral <zeta function> makes it possible to define a regularized determinant, which contributes to <analytic torsion>. Their paper establishes metric-independence under its hypotheses and motivates comparison with a combinatorial invariant.<R-torsion and the Laplacian on Riemannian manifolds by Daniel Ray and Isadore Singer>[Introduction, Definition 1.6 and section 2]{ref}
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