David Thouless
= David Thouless
{c}
{tag=Physicist}
{wiki}
= David James Thouless
{c}
{synonym}
= D. J. Thouless
{c}
{synonym}
= David J. Thouless
{c}
{synonym}
<David Thouless> coauthored a theory connecting the <Hall conductivity> of a <two-dimensional electron gas> to a topological invariant. In a uniform <magnetic field> and periodic potential, the <Kubo formula> can be written so that quantization becomes explicit when the <Fermi energy> lies in a gap. The integer character of the response explains why continuous changes of microscopic parameters need not continuously change the Hall plateau. A transition between distinct plateaus requires leaving the conditions that protect that quantization.<Quantized Hall Conductance in a Two-Dimensional Periodic Potential by D. J. Thouless and others>[Physical Review Letters 49, 405 (1982), abstract and topological conductance expression]{ref}
A <physicist> who researched <superfluidity> and <superconductivity> in thin systems.<David Thouless — Nobel laureate and UW professor emeritus — dies at age 84 by University of Washington>[Independent professional identity]{ref}
\Image[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Redirect/file/DavidThouless_1995_UW.jpg?width=260]
{title=Portrait of <David Thouless>}
{description=Mary Levin/University of Washington. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/[CC BY-SA 4.0], via Wikimedia Commons.}
{source=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:DavidThouless_1995_UW.jpg}
{width=260}