Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2007 iii Paper 16 1 Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-14
The cellular homology of complex projective space gives one integral generator in each degree , for , and zero in odd degrees. Since these groups are free, the Künneth theorem gives the homology cross product basisThus the ranks in degrees are , respectively, and every other integral homology group vanishes.
Let be the normalized hyperplane class, with , and write , . The cohomology ring of complex projective space and the Künneth theorem give . If is the diagonal embedding, then . Hence each of evaluates as one on the diagonal's fundamental class. These three classes are dual to the three degree-four product generators, so the diagonal class of complex projective space givesEquivalently its Poincare dual is . The signs are positive with the complex and product orientations.