= Dielectric relaxation
Delayed adjustment of <electric polarization> after a change in <electric field>. A simple illustrative model lets the slowly adjusting part $\mathbf P_s$ obey $\tau\,d\mathbf P_s/dt+\mathbf P_s=\epsilon_0\Delta\epsilon_r\mathbf E$, with a positive response time $\tau$. A harmonic <electric field> then gives a contribution $\Delta\epsilon_r/(1+i\omega\tau)$ to <complex permittivity> divided by <vacuum permittivity>. This model is an assumption, not a claim that all <dielectrics> have one response time.
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